It can be used as an alternative networking model. This option does not control the emulated graphics card presented to an HVM guest. If Emulated VGA Graphics Device options are used in a PV guest configuration, xl will pick up vnc , vnclisten , vncpasswd , vncdisplay , vncunused , sdl , opengl and keymap to construct the paravirtual framebuffer device for the guest.
Allow access to the display via the VNC protocol. This enables the other VNC-related settings. Default is 1 enabled. The actual display used can be accessed with xl vncviewer. Specifies the password for the VNC server. If the password is set to an empty string, authentication on the VNC server will be disabled, allowing any user to connect. The default is 0 not enabled. Specifies the path to the X authority file that should be used to connect to the X server when the sdl option is used.
The default is 0 disabled. Configure the keymap to use for the keyboard associated with this display. If the input method does not easily support raw keycodes e. The specific values which are accepted are defined by the version of the device-model which you are using. See Keymaps below or consult the qemu 1 manpage. The default is en-us.
Specifies the virtual channels to be provided to the guest. A channel is a low-bandwidth, bidirectional byte stream, which resembles a serial link. Typical uses for channels include transmitting VM configuration after boot and signalling to in-guest agents. Please see xen-pv-channel 7 for more details. Defined values are:.
This parameter is optional. If this parameter is omitted then the toolstack domain will be assumed. Specifies the name for this device. This parameter is mandatory! This should be a well-known name for a specific application e. There is no formal registry of channel names, so application authors are encouraged to make their names unique by including the domain name and a version number in the string e.
The backend will proxy data between the channel and the connected socket. The backend will create a pty and proxy data between the channel and the master device. The command xl channel-list can be used to discover the assigned slave device. If set to "host" it means all reserved device memory on this platform should be checked to reserve regions in this VM's address space. This global RDM parameter allows the user to specify reserved regions explicitly, and using "host" includes all reserved regions reported on this platform, which is useful when doing hotplug.
By default this isn't set so we don't check all RDMs. Instead, we just check the RDM specific to a given device if we're assigning this kind of a device. Specifies how to deal with conflicts when reserving already reserved device memory in the guest address space. Specifies that in case of an unresolved conflict the VM can't be created, or the associated device can't be attached in the case of hotplug.
Specifies that in case of an unresolved conflict the VM is allowed to be created but may cause the VM to crash if a pass-through device accesses RDM. Determines whether a kernel based backend is installed. If this is the case, pv is used, otherwise qusb will be used. For HVM domains devicemodel will be selected. Specifies the usb controller version. Possible values include 1 USB1. Default is 2 USB2. Value 3 USB3. Specifies the total number of ports of the usb controller.
The maximum number is The default is 8. With the type devicemodel the number of ports is more limited: a USB1. USB controller ids start from 0. In line with the USB specification, however, ports on a controller start from 1. If no controller is specified, an available controller:port combination will be used.
If there are no available controller:port combinations, a new controller will be created. The port option is valid only when the controller option is specified. Specifies the host PCI devices to passthrough to this guest. See xl-pci-configuration 5 for more details. See permissive above. See msitranslate above. See seize above. Enable graphics device PCI passthrough.
Most graphics adapters require vendor specific tweaks for properly working graphics passthrough. Note that this behavior is only supported with the upstream qemu-xen device-model. Having multiple RDM entries would worsen this and lead to a complicated memory layout.
Here we're trying to figure out a simple solution to avoid breaking the existing layout. When a conflict occurs,. Specifies the host device tree nodes to passt hrough to this guest. GFN specifies the guest frame number where the mapping will start in the guest's address space. All of these values must be given in hexadecimal format. If vuart console is enabled then irq 32 is reserved for it. Limit the guest to using at most N event channels PV interrupts. Guests use hypervisor resources for each event channel they use.
The default of should be sufficient for typical guests. The maximum value depends on what the guest supports. Other guests are limited to bit x86 and ARM or bit x See display protocol for details. Restrict the device model after startup, to limit the consequencese of security vulnerabilities in qemu. Specifies the virtual sound cards to be provided to the guest.
The virtual sound card has hierarchical structure. Every card has a set of PCM devices and streams, each could be individually configured. The child item treated as belonging to the previously defined parent item. There are group of parameters which are common for all items.
This group can be defined at higher level of the hierarchy and be fully or partially re-used by the underlying layers. These parameters are:. Every underlying layer in turn can re-define some or all of them to better fit its needs.
For example, card may define number of channels to be in [1; 8] range, and some particular stream may be limited to [1; 2] only. The rule is that the underlying layer must be a subset of the upper layer range. Arm only. Set TEE type for the guest. This is the default value. OP-TEE itself may limit the number of guests that can concurrently use it.
Either kernel or bootloader must be specified for PV guests. Append ARG s to the arguments to the bootloader program. Alternatively if the argument is a simple string then it will be split into words at whitespace this second option is deprecated.
Selects whether to expose the host e memory map to the guest via the virtual e When this option is false 0 the guest pseudo-physical address space consists of a single contiguous RAM region. This option is enabled by default and usually you should omit it. This option is true for x86 while it's false for ARM by default.
True 1 by default. False 0 by default. This option has no effect on a guest with multiple virtual CPUs as they must always include these tables. This option is enabled by default and you should usually omit it but it may be necessary to disable these firmware tables when using certain older guest Operating Systems.
These tables have been superseded by newer constructs within the ACPI tables. This allows a guest Operating System to map pages in such a way that they cannot be executed which can enhance security.
This options requires that PAE also be enabled. This option is enabled by default and you should usually omit it. Alternate-p2m allows a guest to manage multiple p2m guest physical "memory views" as opposed to a single p2m. This option is disabled by default. The mixed mode allows access to the altp2m interface for both in-guest and external tools as well. Enables limited access to the alternate-p2m capability, ie.
Enables or disables HVM guest access to alternate-p2m capability. This option is disabled by default and is available only to HVM domains. This option is deprecated, use the option "altp2m" instead. Note : While the option "altp2mhvm" is deprecated, legacy applications for x86 systems will continue to work using it. Enable or disables guest access to hardware virtualisation features, e. You may want this option if you want to run another hypervisor including another copy of Xen within a Xen guest or to support a guest Operating System which uses hardware virtualisation extensions e.
Two versions of config syntax are recognized: libxl and xend. A few keys take a numerical value, all others take a single character which describes what to do with the feature bit. Note: when specifying cpuid for hypervisor leaves 0xxxxx major group only the lowest 8 bits of leaf's 0xxx00 EAX register are processed, the rest are ignored these 8 bits signify maximum number of hypervisor leaves.
List of keys taking a value: apicidsize brandid clflush family localapicid maxleaf maxhvleaf model nc proccount procpkg stepping.
Each successive character represent a lesser-significant bit, possible values are listed above in the libxl section. Specifies a path to a file that contains extra ACPI firmware tables to pass into a guest. The file can contain several tables in their binary AML form concatenated together. Each table self describes its length so no additional information is needed. These tables will be added to the ACPI table set in the guest.
Note that existing tables cannot be overridden by this feature. The file can contain a set of DMTF predefined structures which will override the internal defaults. Not all predefined structures can be overridden, only the following types: 0, 1, 2, 3, 11, 22, Since SMBIOS structures do not present their overall size, each entry in the file must be preceded by a 32b integer indicating the size of the following structure. The VM generation ID is a bit random number that a guest may use to determine if the guest has been restored from an earlier snapshot or cloned.
Specifying this option as a number is deprecated. Specifies that periodic Virtual Platform Timers should be aligned to reduce guest interrupts. Enabling this option can reduce power consumption, especially when a guest uses a high timer interrupt frequency HZ values.
The default is true 1. Delay for missed ticks. Do not advance a vCPU's time beyond the correct delivery time for interrupts that have been missed due to preemption. No delay for missed ticks. As above, missed interrupts are delivered, but guest time always tracks wallclock i. No missed interrupts are held pending.
Instead, to ensure ticks are delivered at some non-zero rate, if we detect missed ticks then the internal tick alarm is not disabled if the vCPU is preempted during the next tick period. One missed tick pending. Missed interrupts are collapsed together and delivered as one 'late tick'. Guest time always tracks wallclock i. The following options allow Paravirtualised features such as devices to be exposed to the guest Operating System in an HVM guest.
Utilising these features requires specific guest support but when available they will result in improved performance. Enable or disable the Xen platform PCI device. The presence of this virtual device enables a guest Operating System subject to the availability of suitable drivers to make use of paravirtualisation features such as disk and network devices etc.
Enabling these drivers improves performance and is strongly recommended when available. The following groups of enlightenments may be specified:. These enlightenments can improve performance of Windows Vista and Windows Server onwards and setting this option for such guests is strongly recommended.
This group is also a pre-requisite for all others. If it is disabled then it is an error to attempt to enable any other group. These enlightenments can improve performance of Windows 7 and Windows Server R2 onwards.
This enlightenment can improve performance of Windows 8 and Windows Server onwards. This enlightenment can improve performance of Windows 7 and Windows Server R2 onwards. This set incorporates use of hypercalls for remote TLB flushing. This enlightenment may improve performance of Windows guests running on hosts with higher levels of physical CPU contention.
This enlightenment may improve performance of guests that make use of per-vCPU event channel upcall vectors. Note that this enlightenment will have no effect if the guest is using APICv posted interrupts.
This group incorporates the crash control MSRs. These enlightenments allow Windows to write crash information such that it can be logged by Xen. Groups can be disabled by prefixing the name with '! So, for example, to enable all groups except freq , specify:. For details of the enlightenments see the latest version of Microsoft's Hypervisor Top-Level Functional Specification. The enlightenments should be harmless for other versions of Windows although they will not give any benefit and the majority of other non-Windows OSes.
However it is known that they are incompatible with some other Operating Systems and in some circumstance can prevent Xen's own paravirtualisation interfaces for HVM guests from being used. The viridian option can be specified as a boolean. A value of true 1 is equivalent to the list [ "defaults" ], and a value of false 0 is equivalent to an empty list. The following options control the features of the emulated graphics device.
Sets the amount of RAM which the emulated video card will contain, which in turn limits the resolutions and bit depths which will be available.
When using the qemu-xen-traditional device-model, the default as well as minimum amount of video RAM for stdvga is 8 MB, which is sufficient for e. For the upstream qemu-xen device-model, the default and minimum is 16 MB.
For the upstream qemu-xen device-model, the default and minimum is 8 MB. If videoram is set less than MB, an error will be triggered.
If your guest supports VBE 2. Windows XP onwards then you should enable this. For example:. Note that a xen. These additional configuration files must reside in the same directory as the Xen EFI binary and linux stub files. To create a boot image from one of these targets, first create a GRUB configuration file. Depending on your preference, this file can either locate and load a GRUB configuration file in the guest or it could manage more of the boot process from dom0.
Assuming all that is needed is to locate and load a configuration file in the guest, add the following to a file,. Lastly, add that image as value of the kernel in the domU configuration file for a bit guest in this example :.
This also requires mboot. If you do not have mboot. Xen requires that network communications between domU and the dom0 and beyond be set up manually. The use of both DHCP and static addressing is possible, and the choice should be determined by the network topology. A basic bridged network, in which a virtual switch is created in dom0 that every domU is attached to, can be set up by creating a network bridge with the expected name xenbr0.
See Network bridge Creating a bridge for details. See Systemd-networkd Bridge interface for details. Gnome's Network Manager can sometime be troublesome. If following the bridge creation section outlined in the bridges section of the wiki are unclear or do not work, then the following steps may work. Open the Network Settings and disable the interface you wish to use in your bridge ex enp5s0.
Edit the setting to off and uncheck "connect automatically. Optionally, run:. Click "Add" next to the "Bridged Connections" and select the interface you wished to use in your bridge ex.
Select the device mac address that corresponds to the interface you intend to use and save the settings. Needless to say, all connections will fail if an IP address is not assigned to the bridge. If you forget to add the IP address when you first create the bridge, it can always be edited later. You should see a connection that matches the name of the bridge you just created. Highlight and copy the UUID on that connection, and then run again as root :.
A new connection should appear under the network settings. It may take 30 seconds to a minute. To confirm that it is up and running, run:. If everything works properly after a reboot ie. This just keeps things from being confusing later on. The Xen dom0 requires the xenstored. When booted as an EFI application, Xen requires a configuration file as described below unless a bootloader, such as GRUB, has loaded the modules and describes them in the device tree provided to Xen.
If a bootloader provides a device tree containing modules then any configuration files are ignored, and the bootloader is responsible for populating all relevant device tree nodes. The xen. The binary itself will require a configuration file names with the. To illustrate the name handling, a binary named xen This configuration file and EFI commandline are only used for booting directly from EFI firmware, or when using an EFI loader that does not support the multiboot2 protocol.
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